William Fleming

Notes:

Birth:
Caernarvon Castle

Died:
Caernaevon Castle

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth:
Caernarvon Castle

Died:
Aldingham Manor

Michael married Daughter Robert de Stuteville in 1115 in Caernarfon, Caernarvonshire, Wales. Daughter was born in 1088 in Lancashire, England; died in Lancashire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth:
Aldingham Manor

Family/Spouse: Kersdale de Moray. Kersdale was born in 1175 in Elgin, Moray, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

William I, Lord of Douglas
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William of Douglas (d.c.1214) was a Medieval nobleman of Flemish origin living in Clydesdale, an area under the control of the King of the Scots.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Enigmatic Origins
o 1.1 Sholto/William
* 2 Issue
* 3 References
o 3.1 Notes
o 3.2 Sources

[edit] Enigmatic Origins

The origins of William are uncertain, the first of the name of Douglas to appear on historic record. He appears as witness to a charter of Jocelin, Bishop of Glasgow in 1174 in favour of the monks of Kelso Abbey, at which time he was in possession of the Lands of Douglas.[1]

[edit] Sholto/William

David Hume of Godscroft in his history refers to the progenitor of the House of Douglas, Sholto. Gleaned from the works of Buchanan and Boece, Godscroft's narrative explains that during the reign of a King Solvathius, Sholto Douglas was instrumental in putting down an uprising by a usurper Donald Bain in 767AD, and as reward was granted the lands that would after be called Douglas.[2]

Both Balfour Paul and Maxwell agree that this origin tale is mythic, but do contest that William of Douglas was active at the time of the real rebellion of the Meic Uilleim, under their chief Domnall mac Uilleim. The earlier historians may have confused the mythic Donald Bain with Domnall Ban mac Domnaill, the penultimate Meic Uilleim chief.

This may be corroborated by the facts that the lands of Douglas marched with those of the leader of King William I of Scotland's retaliatory forces, Lochlann, Lord of Galloway. William may well have been a vassal of the Lord of Galloway. Furthermore, all of William's sons with the exception of the eldest were to hold privileged ecclesiastic positions within the former Meic Uilleim territories in Moray.

[edit] Issue

* Archibald I, Lord of Douglas
* Bricius de Douglas, Bishop of Moray
* Alexander de Douglas, a canon of Spynie and vicar capitular of Elgin
* Henry de Douglas, a canon of Spynie
* Hugh de Douglas, a canon of Spynie, Archdeacon of Moray
* Freskin de Douglas, Parson of Douglas, later Dean of Moray

[edit]

Birth:
Douglasdale

William married Margaret Kersdale de Moray in 1169 in Forfar, Angus, Scotland. Margaret was born in 1152 in Moray, Scotland; died in 1238 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Archibald I, Lord of Douglas
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Archibald of Douglas (b.b. 1198 - d.c. 1238) was a Scottish Nobleman. He was the son of William of Douglas.

The earliest attestation of his existence is in a charter of confirmation dated prior to 1198. This charter of Jocelin, Bishop of Glasgow, granted the rights of a toft in Glasgow to Melrose Abbey. Archibald's name appears between that of Alan, High Steward of Scotland and Robert de Montgomery. Also before 1198, Archibald appears in another document, in which he resigns the lands of Hailes held by him of the Abbey of Dunfermline, to Robert of Restalrig. Between 1214 and 1226, Archibald acquired the use of the lands of Hermiston and Livingston, with Maol Choluim I, Earl of Fife as his feudal superior. Archibald of Douglas must have been knighted before 1226 as he appears in another charter as Dominus de Douglas in that year. Archibald de Douglas appears as a signatory to several royal charters following 1226, and he appears to have spent a considerable time in Moray as episcopal charters of his brother Bricius de Douglas show. He was in the retinue of the King Alexander II, at Selkirk, in 1238 when the title Earl of Lennox was regranted to Maol Domhnaich of Lennox. Douglas disappears from historical record after 1239 and it is presumed that he died about this time.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Marriage and Issue
* 2 References
o 2.1 Notes
o 2.2 Sources

[edit] Marriage and Issue

Archibald of Douglas is thought to have married Margaret, daughter of Sir John Crawford of Crawfordjohn and had issue:

* William of Douglas (c.1220-c.1274)
* Andrew Douglas of Hermiston

[edit]

Archibald married Margaret Crawford in 1209 in Scotland. Margaret (daughter of John Crawford) was born in 1187 in Crawford, Lanarkshire, Scotland; died in 1225 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

William Longleg, Lord of Douglas
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William, Lord of Douglas (c. 1220 - c. 1274) known as 'Longleg' was a Scoto-Norman nobleman.

The years of the minority of King Alexander III (1249-1262) featured an embittered struggle for the control of affairs between two rival parties, the one led by the nationalistic Walter Comyn, Earl of Menteith, the other by pro-English Alan Durward, Justiciar of Scotia. The former dominated the early years of Alexander's reign. In 1255 an interview between the English and Scottish kings at Kelso led to Menteith and his party losing to Durward's party. Later both parties called a Meeting of the great Magnates of the Realm to establish a regency until Alexander came of age. William Lord of Douglas was one of the magnates called to witness. Douglas was a partisan of Durward's party. This can be explained by the fact that although most of his territories lay in Douglasdale, through his wife, Constance, he had obtained the rich Manor of Fawdon in Northumberland and it would do well to keep English Royal favour.

David Hume of Godscroft, the arch-panegyricist of the House of Douglas, states that Longleg married Marjorie, Countess of Carrick and had by her two sons and a daughter, the daughter inheriting the Earldom of Carrick. Marjorie went on to marry Robert the Bruce, father to King Robert I of Scotland, this however does not make any sense historically.

William Longleg, Lord of Douglas, died c. 1274, and is said to have married Marjory de Abernethy, daughter of Orm de Abernethy leaving two sons:

* Hugh I, Lord of Douglas, d. c. 1274
* William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas (1240-1298)

Preceded by

Died:
Fawdon

William married Martha Carrick in 1233 in Scotland. Martha was born in 1215 in Maybole, Ayrshire, Scotland; died in 1255. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: The Hardy of that Ilk

Notes:

Died:
Tower of London

William married Elizabeth Stewart in 1276. Elizabeth (daughter of 4th High Steward of Scotland Alexander Stewart and Jean MacRory) was born in 1245 in Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland; died in 1288 in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married after 1288 in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Ailanore Eleanor de Louvain after 1288 in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Ailanore was born in 1244 in Little Easton, Essex, England; died in 1326 in Dunmow, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Died Without Issue

Notes:

Birth:
Based on Mother's death date

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Castle Cary

Family/Spouse: Earl of Marischal Robert Keith. Robert (son of Marischal William Keith and Barbara Seton) was born about 1262 in Buchan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; died on 17 Oct 1346 in Durham, Durham, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: James the Good

Notes:

James Douglas, Lord of Douglas
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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (September 2007)
See also: James Douglas
Sir James Douglas

Tomb of Sir James, St Bride's Kirk, Douglas.
Born c.1286
Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland
Died 1330 (1331)
Battle of Teba, Andalucia
Occupation Scottish Guerilla Leader and General, during the Wars of Scottish Independence
Spouse(s) unknown
Children William, Lord of Douglas, Archibald "the Grim", 3rd Earl of Douglas
Parents Sir William Douglas the Hardy, Elizabeth Stewart, daughter of Alexander, High Steward of Scotland
Arms of The Good Sir James

Sir James Douglas (also known as Guid Sir James and the Black Douglas), (1286 - August 25, 1330), was a Scottish soldier and knight who fought in the Scottish Wars of Independence. He was a son of Sir William Douglas the Hardy, who had been a supporter of William Wallace (the elder Douglas died in 1298, a prisoner in the Tower of London). His mother was Elizabeth Stewart, the daughter of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland. The poet and chronicler John Barbour provides us with a pen portrait of the Black Douglas, among the first of its kind in Scottish history;

But he was not so fair that we
Should praise his looks in high degree.
In visage he was rather grey;
His hair was black, so I heard say,
His limbs were finely made and long,
His bones were large, his shoulders strong,
His body was well-knit and slim
And those say that set eyes on him,
When happy, loveable was he,
And meek and sweet in company,
But those with him in battle saw
Another countenance he wore!

Contents
[hide]

* 1 Patriot with a Cause
* 2 The Douglas Larder
* 3 Roxburgh Falls
* 4 Bannockburn
* 5 Warlord
* 6 Myton and Byland
* 7 Douglas! Douglas!
* 8 Hearts and Crosses
* 9 Succession
* 10 Modern Culture
* 11 References
o 11.1 Notes
o 11.2 Sources
+ 11.2.1 Documentary and narrative
+ 11.2.2 Secondary
o 11.3 External links

[edit] Patriot with a Cause

James was sent to France for safety in the early days of the Wars of Independence, and was educated in Paris. There he met William Lamberton, Bishop of St. Andrews, who took him as a squire. He returned to Scotland with Lamberton in 1306 to find that his estates had been confiscated by Edward I and awarded to Robert Clifford. Lamberton presented him at court to petition for the return of his land, but when Edward heard whose son he was he grew angry and James had to leave.

For James, who now faced life as a landless outcast on the fringes of feudal society, the return of his ancestral estates was to become an overriding consideration, inevitably impacting on his political allegiances. There is no reason to assume that he would not have made his peace with Edward if he had been more receptive, the death of his father in an English jail notwithstanding. But the English king's dogmatic refusal to entertain such a prospect led Douglas to a different path. In John Barbour's rhyming chronicle, The Bruce, as much a paean to the young knight as the hero king, Douglas makes his feelings plain to Lamberton;

Sir, you see
How the English tyrant forcibly
Has dispossessed me of my land;
And you are made to understand
That the earl of Carrick claims to be
The rightful king of this country.
The English, since he slew that man,
Are keen to catch him if they can;
And they would seize his lands as well
And yet with him I faith would dwell!
Now, therefore, if it be your will,
With him will I take good or ill.
Through him I hope my land to win
Despite the Clifford and his kin.

This was a particularly dramatic moment in Scottish history: Robert Bruce, earl of Carrick had recently slain John Comyn, a leading Scottish rival, and immediately claimed the crown of Scotland, in defiance of the English king. It was while he was on his way to Scone, the traditional site of Scottish coronations, that he was met by Douglas, riding on a horse borrowed from the bishop. Douglas explained his circumstances and immediately offered his services;

And thus began their friendship true
That no mischance could e'er undo
Nor lessen while they were alive.
Their friendship more and more would thrive.

Douglas was set to share in Bruce's early misfortunes, being present at the defeats at Methven and Dalry. But for both men these setbacks were to provide a valuable lesson in tactics: limitations in both resources and equipment meant that the Scots would always be at a disadvantage in conventional Medieval warfare. By the time the war was renewed in the spring of 1307 they had learnt the value of guerilla warfare - known at the time as 'secret war' - using fast moving, lightly equipped and agile forces to maximum effect against an enemy often locked in to static defensive positions.

[edit] The Douglas Larder
All that remains of Douglas Castle
Interior of the remains of Douglas Castle

It is important not to make too much of Barbour's magnification of Douglas; for to begin with he was a figure of little real importance. His actions for most of 1307 and early 1308 were local rather than national in nature, confined for the most part to his native Douglasdale. Nevertheless, he was soon to create a formidable reputation for himself as a soldier and a tactician. While Bruce was campaigning in the north against his domestic enemies, Douglas used the cover of Selkirk Forest to mount highly effective mobile attacks against the enemy. He also showed himself to be utterly ruthless, particularly in his relentless attacks on the English garrison in his own Douglas Castle, the most famous of which quickly passed into popular history. Barbour dates this incident to Palm Sunday 1307, which fell on 19 March.[citation needed] This would seem to be far too early, as Bruce and his small army were not yet properly established in south-west Scotland, suggesting Palm Sunday 1308 - 17 April - as a more accurate date.

With the help of local farmer Thomas Dickson, a former vassal of his father, Douglas and his small troop were hidden until the morning of Palm Sunday, when the garrison left the battlements to attend the local church. Gathering local support he entered the church and the war-cry 'Douglas!' 'Douglas!' went up for the first time. Some of the English soldiers were killed and others taken prisoner. The prisoners were taken to the castle, now largely empty. All the stores were piled together in the cellar; the wine casks burst open and the wood used for fuel. The prisoners were then beheaded and placed on top of the pile, which was set alight. Before departing the wells were poisoned with salt and the carcases of dead horses. The local people soon gave the whole gruesome episode the name of the 'Douglas Larder.' As an example of frightfulness in war it was meant to leave a lasting impression, not least upon the men who came to replace their dead colleagues. Further attacks followed by a man now known to the English as 'The blak Dowglas', a sinister and murderous force "mair fell than wes ony devill in hell." It would seem in this that Douglas was an early practitioner of psychological warfare - as well as guerilla warfare - in his knowledge that fear alone could do much of the work of a successful commander.

In August 1308 Douglas met up with the king for a joint attack on the Macdougalls of Lorn, kinsmen of the Comyns, the climax to Bruce's campaign in the north. Two years before the Macdougalls had intercepted and mauled the royal army at the Battle of Dalry. Now they awaited the arrival of their opponents in the narrow Pass of Brander, between Ben Cruachan and Loch Awe in Argyllshire. While Bruce pinned down the enemy in a frontal advance through the pass, Douglas, completely unobserved, led a party of loyal Highlanders further up the mountain, launching a surprise attack from the rear. Soon the Battle of Pass of Brander turned into a rout. Returning south soon after, Douglas joined with Edward Bruce, the king's brother, in a successful assault on the castle of Rutherglen near Glasgow, going on to a further campaign in Galloway.

[edit] Roxburgh Falls

In the years that followed Douglas was given time to perfect his skills as a soldier. Edward II came north with an army in 1310 in fruitless pursuit of an enemy that simply refused to be pinned down. The frustrations this obviously caused are detailed in the Vita Edwardi Secundi, a contemporary English chronicle;

The king entered Scotland with his army but not a rebel was to be found...At that time Robert Bruce, who lurked continually in hiding, did them all the injury he could. One day, when some English and Welsh, always ready for plunder, had gone out on a raid, accompanied by many horsemen from the army, Robert Bruce's men, who had been concealed in caves and woodland, made a serious attack on our men...From such ambushes our men suffered heavy losses. For Robert Bruce, knowing himself unequal to the king of England in strength or fortune, decided it would be better to resist our king by secret warfare rather than dispute his right in open battle.

Edward was even moved to write to the Pope in impotent fury, complaining that "Robert Bruce and his accomplices, when lately we went into parts of Scotland to repress their rebellion, concealed themselves in secret places after the manner of foxes."

In the years before 1314 the English presence in Scotland was reduced to a few significant strongholds. There were both strengths and weaknesses in this. The Scots had no heavy equipment or the means of attacking castles by conventional means. However, this inevitably produced a degree of complacency in garrisons provisioned enough to withstand a blockade. In dealing with this problem the Scots responded in the manner of foxes; and among the more cunning of their exploits was Douglas' capture of the powerful fortress at Roxburgh. His tactic, though simple, was brilliantly effective. On the night of 19/20 February 1314 - Shrove Tuesday and Ash Wednesday - several dark shapes were seen beneath the battlements and mistakenly assumed to be cattle. Douglas had ordered his men to cover themselves with their cloaks and crawl towards the castle on their hands and knees. With most of the garrison celebrating just prior to the fast of Lent, scaling hooks with rope ladders attached were thrown up the walls. Taken by complete surprise the defenders were overwhelmed in a short space of time. Roxburgh Castle, among the best in the land, was slighted in accordance with Bruce's policy of denying strongpoints to the enemy.

[edit] Bannockburn

The greatest challenge for Bruce came that same year as Edward invaded Scotland with a large army, nominally aimed at the relief of Stirling Castle, but with the real intention of pinning down the foxes. The Scots army - roughly a quarter the size of the enemy force - was poised to the south of Stirling, ready to make a quick withdrawal into the wild country to the west. However, their position, just north of the Bannock Burn, had strong natural advantages, and the king made ready to suspend for a time the guerilla tactics pursued hitherto. On the morning of the 24 June, the day of the main battle, Douglas was made a knight, which seems curiously late in his career. The suggestion that Douglas was 'made a baaneret' (a senior knight with command responsibilities) is a modern invention.

Once the English army was defeated Bruce ordered Douglas off in pursuit of the fleeing Edward and his party of knights, a task carried out with such relentless vigour that the fugitives, according to Barbour, "had not even leisure to make water." In the end Edward managed to evade Douglas by taking refuge in Dunbar Castle.

Bannockburn effectively ended the English presence in Scotland, with all strongpoints - outwith Berwick - now in Bruce's hands. It did not, however, end the war. Edward had been soundly defeated but he still refused to abandon his claim to Scotland. For Douglas one struggle had ended and another was about to begin.

[edit] Warlord

Bannockburn left northern England open to attack; and in the years that followed many communities in the area became closely acquainted with the 'Blak Dowglas.' Along with Thomas Randolph, Douglas was to make a new name for himself in a war of mobility, which carried Scots raiders as far south as Pontefract and the Humber. But in a real sense this 'war of the borders' belonged uniquely to Douglas, and became the basis for his family's steady ascent to greatness in years to come. War ruined many ancient noble houses; it was the true making of the house of Douglas. The tactics used by Douglas were simple but effective: his men rode into battle - or retreated as the occasion demanded - on small ponies known as hobbins, giving the name of 'hobelar' to both horse and rider. All fighting, however, was on foot. Scottish hobelars were to cause the same degree of panic throughout northern England as the Viking longships of the ninth century.

With the king, Moray and Edward Bruce diverted in 1315 to a new theatre of operations in Ireland, Douglas became even more significant as a border fighter. In February 1316 he won a significant engagement at Skaithmuir near Coldstream with a party of horsemen sent out from the garrison of Berwick. The dead included one Raymond de Calhau, seemingly a nephew of Piers Gaveston, the former favourite of Edward II. Douglas reckoned this to be the toughest fight in which he had ever taken part. Further successes followed: another raiding party was intercepted and defeated at Lintalee, to the south of Jedburgh; a third group was defeated near Berwick, where their leader, Robert Neville, known as the 'Peacock of the North', was killed. Such was Douglas' status and reputation that he was made deputy for the kingdom when Bruce and Moray went to Ireland in the autumn of 1316.

Douglas' military achievements inevitably increased his political standing still further. When Edward Bruce, the king's brother and designated successor, was killed in Ireland at the Battle of Faughart in the autumn of 1318, Douglas was named as Guardian of the Realm after Randolph if Robert should die without a male heir. This was decided at a parliament held at Scone in December 1318, where it was noted that "Randolph and Sir James took the guardianship upon themselves with the approbation of the whole community."

[edit] Myton and Byland

In April 1318 Douglas was instrumental in capturing Berwick from the English, the first time the castle and town had been in Scottish hands since 1296. For Edward, seemingly blind to the sufferings of his northern subjects, this was one humiliation too many. A new army was assembled, the largest since 1314, with the intention of recapturing what had become a symbol of English prestige and their last tangible asset in Scotland. Edward arrived at the gates of the town in the summer of 1319, Queen Isabella accompanying him as far as York, where she took up residence. Not willing to risk a direct attack on the enemy Bruce ordered Douglas and Moray on a large diversionary raid into Yorkshire.

It would appear that the Scottish commanders had news of the Queen's whereabouts, for the rumour spread that one of the aims of the raid was to take her prisoner. As the Scots approached York she was hurriedly removed from the city, eventually taking refuge in Nottingham. With no troops in the area, William Melton, Archbishop of York, set about organising a home guard, which of necessity included a great number of priests and other minor clerics. The two sides met up at Myton-on-Swale, with inevitable consequences. So many priests, friars and clerics were killed in the Battle of Myton that it became widely known as the 'Chapter of Myton.' It was hardly a passage of any great glory for Douglas but as a strategy the whole Yorkshire raid produced the result intended: there was such dissension among Edward's army that the attempt on Berwick was abandoned. It was to remain in Scottish hands for the next fifteen years.

Four years later Edward mounted what was to be his last invasion of Scotland, advancing to the gates of Edinburgh. Bruce had pursued a scorched-earth campaign, denying the enemy essential supplies, so effective that they were forced to retreat by the spur of starvation alone. Once again this provided the signal for a Scottish advance: Bruce, Douglas and Moray crossed the Solway Firth, advancing by rapid stages deep into Yorkshire. Edward and Isabella had taken up residence at Rievaulx Abbey. All that stood between them and the enemy raiders was a force commanded by John de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond, positioned on Scawton Moor, between Rievaulx and Byland Abbey. To dislodge him King Robert used essentially the same tactics as that of Brander in 1308: while Douglas and Moray attacked from the front a party of Highlanders scaled the cliffs on Richmond's flank and attacked from the rear. The Battle of Old Byland turned into a rout, and Edward and his queen were forced into a rapid and undignified exit from Rievaulx, the second time in three years that a Queen of England had taken to her heels.

[edit] Douglas! Douglas!

In 1327 the hapless Edward II was deposed in a coup led by his wife and her lover, Roger Mortimer, Lord Wigmore. He was replaced by Edward III, his teenage son, though all power remained in the hands of Mortimer and Isabella. The new political arrangements in England effectively broke the truce with the former king, arranged some years before. Once again the raids began, with the intention of forcing concessions from the government. By mid-summer Douglas and Moray were ravaging Weardale and the adjacent valleys. On 10 July a large English army, under the nominal command of the young king, left York in a campaign that resembles nothing less than an elephant in pursuit of a hare. The English commanders finally caught sight of their elusive opponents on the southern banks of the River Wear. The Scots were in a good position and declined all attempts to draw them into battle. After a while they left, only to take up an even stronger position at Stanhope Park, a hunting preserve belonging to the bishops of Durham. From here on the night of 4 August Douglas led an assault party across the river in a surprise attack on the sleeping English, later described in a French eye-witness account;

The Lord James Douglas took with him about two hundred men-at-arms, and passed the river far off from the host so that he was not perceived: and suddenly he broke into the English host about midnight crying 'Douglas!' 'Douglas!' 'Ye shall all die thieves of England'; and he slew three hundred men, some in their beds and some scarcely ready: and he stroke his horse with spurs, and came to the King's tent, always crying 'Douglas!', and stroke asunder two or three cords of the King's tent.

Panic and confusion spread throughout the camp: Edward himself only narrowly escaped capture, his own pastor being killed in his defence. The Battle of Stanhope Park, minor as it was, was a serious humiliation, and after the Scots outflanked their enemy the following night, heading back to the border, Edward is said to have wept in impotent rage. His army retired to York and disbanded. With no other recourse Mortimer and Isabella opened peace negotiations, finally concluded the following year with the Treaty of Northampton, which recognised the Bruce monarchy and the independence of Scotland.

[edit] Hearts and Crosses
Arms borne by of all successive Douglases after Sir James. (Excepting the Douglases of Dalkeith)
St. Bride's Kirk, Douglas, final resting place of Sir James
See also: Battle of Teba

Before he died in 1329, King Robert made it his last request that Sir James, as his oldest and most esteemed companion in arms, should carry his heart to the holy land, and deposit it in the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem. His heart was placed in a silver and enameled casket which Douglas placed around his neck. Early in 1330, James Douglas set sail from Montrose with six other knights and twenty six squires and gentlemen.

They stopped over first in Sluys in Flanders, where more men joined them. There they received news of a crusade by Alfonso XI of Castile against the Muslims of the kingdom of Granada. Accordingly, they sailed to Seville, where they were received by Alfonso with great distinction.

Douglas and his company, having joined themselves to Alfonso's army, came in view of the Saracens near the Castillo de la Estrella at Teba, on the frontiers of Andalucia. The Moorish king, Muhammed IV, Sultan of Granada, had ordered a body of three thousand cavalry to make a feigned attack on the Christians, while, with the great body of his army, he made a circuitous route, unexpectedly, to fall upon the rear of Alfonso's camp. Alfonso, however, having received intelligence, kept the main force of his army in the rear, while he resisted the assault made on the front division of his army.

While the battle was brought to a successful conclusion in one quarter of the field, Douglas and his companions, who fought in the van, proved themselves no less fortunate. The Moors, not long able to withstand the furious encounter of their assailants, fled. Douglas, unacquainted with their mode of warfare, followed them until, finding himself almost deserted by his followers, he turned his horse, with the intention of rejoining the main body. Just then, however, he observed a knight of his own company surrounded by a body of Moors who had suddenly rallied. With the few knights who attended him, Douglas turned hastily to attempt rescue. He soon found himself hard pressed by the numbers who thronged upon him. According to the legend, Douglas then took from his neck the silver casket which contained the heart of Bruce and threw it before him among the enemy, saying, "Now pass thou onward before us, as thou wert wont, and I will follow thee or die." Douglas, and almost all of the men who fought by his side, were here slain including Sir William St. Clair of Rosslyn and Sir Robert Logan of Restalrig. His body and the casket containing the embalmed heart of Bruce were found together upon the field, and when he realized whom it was, Muhammad had the bodies of Douglas and his escort sent to Alfonso's army with a guard of honor. They were conveyed back to Scotland by his surviving companions, Sir William Keith of Galston in Ayrshire, and Sir Simon Lockhart. The remains of Douglas were deposited in the family vault at St Bride’s chapel, and the heart of Bruce solemnly interred by Moray, the regent, under the high altar of Melrose Abbey.

[edit] Succession

Sir James had two children by unknown mothers:

* William, Lord of Douglas killed 1333 at the Battle of Halidon Hill

* In 1333 succeeded by his uncle, Hugh the Dull, Lord of Douglas (c.1294-1342)
* In 1342 succeeded by his cousin, William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, (1327-1384)

* Archibald the Grim (1325-1400), Lord of Galloway succeeded his once removed cousin as Earl of Douglas in 1388.

By 1333 the 'bloody heart' was incorporated in the arms of Sir James' son, William, Lord of Douglas. It subsequently appeared, sometimes with a royal crown, in every branch of the Douglas famil

Died:
Battle of Teba, Andalucia

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Between Apr and Jul 1333, Scotland; Regent of Scotland

Notes:

Died:
Battle of Halidon Hill

Archibald married Beatrix Lindsay in 1320 in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Beatrix (daughter of Alexander Lindsay and Beatrix Stewart) was born in 1291 in Crawford, Lanarkshire, Scotland; died before 1352 in Erskine, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Archibald married Dornagilda Comyn in 1327 in Scotland. Dornagilda was born in 1295 in Badenoch, Inverness-shire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Hugh the Dull

Notes:

Hugh the Dull, Lord of Douglas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

Hugh the Dull (1294 - d. after 1342 but before 1346) was Lord of Douglas, a Scottish Nobleman and Cleric.

The second son of William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas, William Wallace's companion in arms and Eleanor Ferrers. Hugh's elder brother was Sir James Douglas hero of the Wars of Independence, and his younger was Sir Archibald Douglas, Guardian of the realm, and Scots commander at the Battle of Halidon Hill.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Early life
* 2 Titular Lord of Douglas
* 3 The Knight of Liddesdale
* 4 Legacy and death
* 5 References

[edit] Early life

Hugh of Douglas is first heard of in 1296. Following the forfeiture of his father's English possessions, the two year old Hugh was taken into custody at Stebbing in Essex, one of his father's manors.

Nothing further is heard of him until 1325 when he appeared by proxy as a Canon of Glasgow Cathedral during a meeting of Chapter. He appears to have been at this time Parish Priest of Roxburgh.

[edit] Titular Lord of Douglas

The death of his nephew William, Lord of Douglas, and brother Sir Archibald at Halidon Hill left the succession of the patrimony of Douglas to Hugh. However, Scotland at this time was going through the paroxysms of the Second War of Independence, and Edward III and Edward Balliol controlled much of the south of the country. Balliol, having paid homage for his Kingdom to Edward had also ceded to the Crown of England in perpetuity, the Forests of Selkirk, Ettrick and Jedburgh, and the shires of Roxburgh, Peebles, Dumfries, Linlithgow, Edinburgh and Haddington. In essence, all the territories in which the Lord of Douglas held property. Edward had re-appointed Douglasdale to Robert de Clifford, 3rd Baron de Clifford, grandson of Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford, who had been granted it by Edward I of England following his dissolution of the Kingdom of Scots in 1296. Clifford never got to enjoy his new properties, by way of stout resistance from the men of Douglas led by William Douglas of Lothian.

Hugh the Dull had probably escaped to France to the court of David II at Château-Gaillard in 1337. Here it was that his young nephews William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas and Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas had sought refuge. Certainly by that date, Edward III had appointed Andrew de Ormiston as prebend of Hugh's parish of Roxburgh.

[edit] The Knight of Liddesdale

By 1337, William Douglas of Lothian, using the same guerilla tactics employed by Hugh's brother Sir James had carved out a power base in the Borders and had styled himself Lord of Liddesdale. It is assumed that the Lord of Douglas, no warrior, had given executive control of the Douglas territories in the south to him. In 1342, Liddesdale hankering after formal power co-erced the Lord of Douglas into resigning the majority of the rest of the Douglas territories over to him with all administrative powers pertaining. Hugh of Douglas resigned his Lordship in favour of his nephew William, still in France, making him Ward of Liddesdale.

[edit] Legacy and death

Douglas dedicated a church to St John the Baptist at Crookboat, three miles south of Lanark, where the Douglas Water meets the Clyde. Amongst other endowments to this establishment he granted the priest the right to the best cheese in every house on Douglas Moor. Hugh of Douglas retired back to his Parish duties at Roxburgh. Hugh of Douglas died in relative obscurity at some point before 1346, when following the Battle of Durham Edward III controlled southern Scotland once more, his parish was given to one William de Emeldon.

Hugh, Lord of Douglas was a singular figure in the warlike tribe to which he belonged. His perhaps unfair epithet has probably more to do with his profession which had him live a more retiring life than the rest of his family. Certainly there were no clerics amongst the immediate families of the Chief of Douglas until the 1440s.

[edit]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: James Douglas of Lothian

Family/Spouse: Joan Stewart. Joan was born in 1286 in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland; died in 1337. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title: 1st Earl of Douglas

Notes:

Buried:
Melrose Abbey

William married 4th Countess of Angus Margaret Stewart on 24 May 1397 in Castle Cary, Somerset, England. Margaret was born in 1325 in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland; died on 23 Mar 1418 in Angus, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married Duncan Wallace in 1368 in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Duncan was born in 1315 in Sundrum, Ayrshire, Scotland; died in 1376 in Sundrum, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married Patrick Hepburn, Sr on 18 Mar 1376 in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Patrick (son of Adam Hepburn and Mariota Fourbour) was born before 1322 in Prestonkirk, East Lothian, Scotland; died after 1402 in Prestonkirk, East Lothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title: 1st Earl of Atholl

Notes:

Died:
Murdered by William 1st Earl of Douglas

William married Elizabeth Maxwell about 1352 in Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Hugh Gifford. Hugh (son of John Gifford and Eupheme Morham) was born in 1306 in Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland; died on 11 Mar 1409 in Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Assasinated by David Barclay

John married Agnes Munfode in 1337 in Keth Symon, East Lothian, Scotland. Agnes was born in 1320 in Marton, East Lothian, Scotland; died in 1377 in Kinross, Kinross-shire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Buried:
Melrose Abbey

Died:
Leader of Battle of Otterburn

James married Isabella Eupheme Stewart after 24 Sep 1371 in Scotland. Isabella (daughter of King of Scotland Robert II Stewart and Elizabeth Mure) was born in 1360 in Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland; died about 1410 in Crawford, Lanarkshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• AFN: 9G0L-7X
• Reference Number: 18-032291-01
• Reference Number: 20-001541-01
• Military: 14 Sep 1402, Northumberland, England; Battle of Homildon Hill; Captured by English

Notes:

Wikipedia notes that George was an illegitimate son of William. The Peerage.com has birthdate as before 1378
This is the start of the Red Line of Douglas


Birth:
Tantallon Castle

Died:
Bubonic Plaque

George married Princess Mary Stewart on 24 May 1397 in Scotland. Mary (daughter of Robert III Stewart and Annabella Drummond) was born in 1380 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland; died in 1458 in Strathblane, Stirlingshire, Scotland; was buried in 1458 in Strathblane, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth:
Sundrum

Other Events and Attributes:

• Military: 5 Aug 1388, Northumberland, England; Battle of Otterburne

Notes:

Birth:
Hailes Castle

Died:
Batle of Nisbet Moor, Wooler

Family/Spouse: Christian de Gourlay. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Patrick married Beatrice de Vaux in 1364 in Scotland. Beatrice was born in 1345 in East Lothian, Scotland; died in 1412 in Vaux, Allier, Auvergne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Reference Number: 22-0000010-02
• Residence: 1350, Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland; Yester Castle

Alice married Thomas Boyd in 1384 in Yester, East Lothian, Scotland. Thomas (son of Robert Boyd) was born in 1360 in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland; died in 1410 in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married on 21 Nov 1372 in East Lothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Egidia Jill Stewart in Oct 1378 in East Lothian, Scotland. Egidia (daughter of 6th High Steward of Scotland Walter Stewart and Isabel Graham) was born in 1326 in Kilmaurs, Ayrshire, Scotland; died before 1406 in Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• AFN: 9G0L-99
• Reference Number: 17-07186-02
• Reference Number: 18-016146-02

Notes:

Birth:
Mar Prrovince

Died:
Yester Castle

Mary married 1st Lord of Forbes Alexander Forbes on 6 Oct 1423 in Scotland. Alexander was born in 1380 in Forbes, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; died in 1448 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married David Hay after 1423 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• AFN: 9G0L-84
• Reference Number: 19-000771-01

Notes:

Birth:
Mar Province

Died:
Mar Province

Family/Spouse: Margaret Hay. Margaret (daughter of William Hay) was born in 1404 in Locharret, Scotland; died on 22 Apr 1484 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• AFN: 9G0L-BG

Notes:

Birth:
Mar

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: 1423, England; Commissioner sent to England to treat for the release of King James I of Scotland

Notes:

Birth:
Hailes Castle

Died:
Hailes Castle

Adam married Janet Borthwick on 2 Nov 1411. Janet (daughter of 1st Lord Borthwick William Borthwick and Elizabeth Hay) was born in 1388 in Gorebridge, Midlothian, Scotland; died on 5 Jun 1464 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Marion married John Colquhoun in 1414 in Scotland. John was born in 1362 in Dunbartonshire, Scotland; died on 1 May 1478 in Dumbarton, Dunbartonshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Joanna Montgomerie in 1404 in Ardrossan, Ayrshire, Scotland. Joanna (daughter of 10th of Eaglesham John Montgomerie and Agnes MacDonald) was born in 1390 in Ardrossan, Ayrshire, Scotland; died in 1469 in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Janet Borthwick. Janet (daughter of 2nd Lord Borthwick William Borthwick and Beatrice Sinclair) was born about 1415 in Scotland; died after 5 Jun 1464 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Elizabeth Stewart on 10 Nov 1387. Elizabeth (daughter of Robert III Stewart and Annabella Drummond) was born in 1373 in Carrick, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married on 10 Nov 1387. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Princess Joan Johanna Stewart on 18 Oct 1440. Joan was born about 1428 in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland; died on 16 Oct 1486 in Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: 1451; Ambassador to England

Notes:

Birth:
Mar Province

George married Isabel Sibbald in 1446 in Glenrothes, Fife, Scotland. Isabel (daughter of Sir John Sibbald and Joan Livingston) was born in 1418 in Glenrothes, Fife, Scotland; died in 1497 in Lanarkshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth:
Hailes

Family/Spouse: Ellen Wallace. Ellen was born in 1414 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland; died in 1482 in Prestonkirk, East Lothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Reference Number: 18-000006-02
• Reference Number: 19-031778-02

Notes:

Birth:
Hailes

Margaret married 1st Earl of Glencairn Alexander Cunningham in Jun 1488 in Kilmaurs, Ayrshire, Scotland. Alexander (son of Robert Cunningham and Agnes Anne Montgomerie) was born after 1425 in Glencairn, Dumfries-shire, Scotland; died on 11 Jun 1488 in Sauchieburn, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth:
Hailes Castle

Died:
Eglinton

Elizabeth married Master of Montgomery Alexander Montgomerie in 1430 in Kilwinning, Ayrshire, Scotland. Alexander (son of 1st Lord Montgomery Alexander Montgomerie and Margaret Boyd) was born in 1428 in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland; died in 1452 in Kilwinning, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Agnes married Master of Home Alexander Home on 2 Feb 1448 in Scotland. Alexander (son of 1st Lord Home Alexander Home) was born in 1426 in Berwickshire, Scotland; died in 1456 in Dunglass, East Lothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Helen married 2nd Lord Somerville John Somerville on 10 Jul 1446 in East Lothian, Scotland. John was born in 1430 in Lanarkshire, Scotland; died on 11 Jan 1491 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Craignaught Hill

Thomas married Isabel Lyle in 1423 in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland. Isabel (daughter of Andrew Lyle and Catherine Boyd) was born in 1406 in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland; died in 1439 in Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married in 1424 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]